Lack of education is a major factor for the slow development. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Paniyan community living in the adjoining areas of tamil nadu is recognized as a particularly vulnerable tribal groups pvtg there. The important tribal living in this region is the kadars of cochin ehrenfels, 1952. Some tribes which are modernized avail the facility of reservation. The classes, which are included in section 341 and 342 of the indian constitution respectively, are known as scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The livelihood opportunities among the tribes of western attappady namely, irula, muduga and kurumba were analyzed to develop an understanding about their socioeconomic status. The kurichiya and kuruma tribal communities of wayanad. Cholanaikkans are a small tribe with a total population of less than 200. List of kerala scheduled castes sc and scheduled tribes. Tribals in kerala adivasis of kerala are the indigenous population found in the southern indian state of kerala. The list of scheduled tribes in kerala was revised on the basis of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes orders amendment act, 1976. Publication date 1909 topics caste india tamil nadu, ethnology india tamil nadu, india social conditions.
This revised list was adopted in 1981, 1991 and 2001 census. Scheduled tribe of kerala based on 2011 census total popultaion of india is 121 crore out of which st population is 10. The interviewed tribal groups use plant parts either single or in combined form to treat. They can be prominently classified into paniyas, adiyas, kattunayakans, kurichiyans,kurumas,ooralis, uraali kurumas etc. The tribal zones of kerala are kasargod tribal region, wayanad tribal region, attappadi tribal region, nilambur tribal region, parambikkulam tribal region, idukki tribal region and thiruvananthapuram tribal region.
The tribal population is found in almost every part of the world. The garments sold under brand tribes india are hand woven and sourced from different parts of india. Tribal society in india have a very ancient and alive history and heritage. Traditional remedies of kani tribes of kottoor reserve. A community of kerala, they also describe themselves as ravuler have a population of 8152 according to the 1981 census. Ethnic herbal practices for gynaecological disorders from. Paniyas inhabit in the regions of wayanad and the neighboring parts of kannur and malappuram. Pdf scheduled tribes in kerala and their education. Various districts where these paniyan tribes have built their settlements include kozhikode, malappuram etc. A pretested questionnaire survey and semistructured interviews were conducted in 150 randomly selected households from nine settlements. Tribes in kerala according to 2001 census the scheduled tribal population in kerala is 3,64,189 female 184,020. Researched and compiled by bijumon varghese and jose p. This zone comes under the chittur taluk of palakkad district. Tribes in india essay who are tribes tribes of india pdf.
Scheduled tribes and statewise list of tribes in india. Tribes in kerala are living on the hill ranges, mainly on the western ghat, bordering karnataka and tamil nadu. Introduction 2 the socio economic survey of scheduled tribes in kerala was conducted during 200810 as a joint initiative of the scheduled tribes development department and local self governments department, with the participation of local governments. Five different tribes, the kurichia, kuruma, kattunaika, paniya and adiya of wayand district of kerala state, india were interviewed. The scheduled tribe st population of kerala state is 364,189 as per 2001. Problems of tribals in kerala highest concentration of scheduled tribes in kerala is seen in wayanad district 37. Tribals in kerala are the tribal population found in the indian state of kerala. Kerala is a homeland of a number of tribal communities. Paniyan tribes are said to be the major tribal communities residing in different parts of kerala.
The kurichiya and kuruma tribal communities are today included among the scheduled tribes in kerala. Neeleshwar combines the tranquil and rejuvenating simplicity of a retreat with the comfort and elegance of a firstclass hotel. Kirtads kerala institute for research training and. Kattunaikan, kurumba, kadar and koraga are declared as primitive tribal groups and they constitute nearly 4. Kerala, this district is characterized more with tamil settlers and tamil culture. The neeleshwar hermitage is in northern kerala, an area traditionally known as malabar, famed for its coconutfringed beaches, inland waterways, lush hillsides and spice gardens. Castes and tribes of southern india by thurston, edgar, 18551935. The constitution of india has made special provisions for the development and welfare of these tribes. Thirtysix communities are listed in the scheduled tribes list of the state.
The literacy rate among tribes is very low when compared to. Tribal development under decentralised governance in kerala. Analyzing the livelihood opportunities among the tribes of. The ethnological museum is one of the most informative and interesting storehouse for people who want to know about the tribes of kerala. P research scholar in history, kannur university, kerala, india abstract the term tribe emerged as a category during this period.
According to the 2011 census, the scheduled tribes account for 104 million representing 8. Cholanaikkans, kurumbas, kattunaikans, kadars and koragas are the five primitive tribal groups in kerala. The first mention of them in written records date back to the 18th century, and can be found in the works of william logan 1887, edgar thurston 1909, t. Most of the tribal people of kerala live in the forests and mountains of western ghats, bordering karnataka and tamil nadu. There are wide ranging diversities among them in respect of languages spoken, size of population and mode of livelihood. The tribes here still practices age old customs and rituals and live a nomad the compilation focuses on the identification of a. Tribals as seen elsewhere are found on the hills and mountains of kerala, the western ghat, bordering karnataka and tamil nadu. According to the 2001 census of india, the scheduled tribe population in kerala is 3,64,189 lunas 180,169 and felunas 184,020. They are reckoned as scheduled castes and they reside in different hilly and forest areas of kerala and tamil nadu. Pdf kerala is a homeland of a number of tribal communities. Paniyan community which is the numerically largest among the scheduled tribes of kerala is mainly distributed in wayanad district.
The adivasis in kerala are not only geographically concentrated, but are overwhelmingly rural. A vast majority of tribes in kerala state hail from the paniya tribal sect. The central state governments have implemented many programmes for the upliftment of these sections that are economically, socially, educationally backward. Adivasi is the collective term for tribes of the indian subcontinent, who are considered indigenous to places within india wherein they live, either as foragers or as tribalistic sedentary communities.
However, india does not recognise tribe as indigenous people. This difference in their lifestyle makes it difficult for the government to reserve seats. India has a total of 573 scheduled tribes spread over almost all the states and union. The essential characteristics of these communities are. It is the district with the highest share in the adivasi population about 38% of kerala. Though all these three names are listed as separate communities in the list of scheduled tribes in kerala, according to tribes of kerala book by a. Population, socioeconomic conditions and development expenditure pdf. Wild edible plants traditionally used by the tribes in the. This region comes under 4 taluks of idukki district namely devikulam, peerumedu, udumbanchola, and thodupuzha. Some tribes in kerala such as allar, chingathan and kalanadi are not listed as scheduled tribes. Their cultures seemed to be a mixture of tamil and malayalam traditions. But the tribes like birhor of bihar or the kattunayakan of kerala are too backward. The tribal group living in this zone is kadar, malasar, and malamalasar and muthuvan.
The scheduled tribes is one of the socially disadvantaged sections in india, who are backward, educationally, economically, socially and culturally, as compared to the rest of the people. Land alienation and livelihood problems of scheduled. Plants used by the tribes for the treatment of digestive. Their name has originated from an old rule that they should maintain a distance of ar six addi feet to. Medicinal plants used by the tribes of vythiri taluk. In vythiri taluk of wayanad, there are five major ethnic groups these are, kurichia, kuruma, kattunaika, adiyan and paniya groups scattered along the western ghats forests udayan et al. Tribes of kerala are said to descend from the ancient dravidian stock with. The term is also used for ethnic minorities, such as chakmas of bangladesh, tharus of nepal, and bhils of pakistan. Uralis, muthuvans, mannans, mala arayans and mala ulludans are the major tribal communities living in this region. Selvin jabaraj norman, kuru suresh, vijayan ramachandran 2011.
The tribal population in india is distributed over 500 separate. The mountainous regions of kerala are inhibited by the tribal communities. The native adivasis mainly consist of various sects like paniyas, kurumas, adiyars, kurichyas, ooralis uralikuruma, is an artisan tribe, kattunaikkans etcthis is the land where tribes live in thatched roof, mud, bamboo and brick houses set in swampy valleys and plateaus. But reservation is actually meant for the backward tribes. Wayanad has the largest population of aborigine people in kerala. A case study on the school dropout scheduled tribal. The tribal communities in india are enormously diverse and heterogeneous. Wayanad, the panoramic hill of malabar in the northern kerala, situated above the sea level ranges between 700 meters to 2100 meters, is a homeland of various tribal communities. Nadu and other parts of kerala in the thirte enth and fourteenth centuries.
Analyzing the livelihood opportunities among the tribes of the western ghats in kerala. These scheduled tribes are spread throughout the country largely in forest and hilly regions. They are also found in kannur, kozhikode, malappuram and palakkad districts. Each product is derived from a rich cultural heritage, a legacy that has been carried on by the weavers who have made it for you.
The europeans entered the area during the first decades of the nineteenth century and started tea plantations. Request pdf wild edible plants traditionally used by the tribes in the parambikulam wildlife sanctuary, kerala, india this paper reports an ethnobotanical. Sil electronic survey report 2015029, december 2015. The museum is a part of the kirtads, and houses a large collection of artefacts, costumes, jewellery, household utensils, nets and traps, wood carvings, agricultural tools, musical instruments, and ceremonial. List of important indian tribes pdf tribes in india notes hello friends welcome to. This is partly because of the gap in the western ghat which allows freer access between the palakkad district of kerala and coimbatore district of tamil nadu. Unlike the nilgiri tribes or the bastar tribes, the numerically small tribal population of kerala had not come under intense investigations of linguists. They constitute nearly 5% of the total tribal population. Tribes of kerala belong to the family group of dravidians. List of kerala scheduled castes sc and scheduled tribes st, whether applying for a job through kerala psc or admission to higher studies like plus one graduation or pg etc.
A major migration of people from the plains tamil nadu and other parts of kerala to this area occurred between 1 950 and 1970 manoj 2001. Tribes are homogenous ethnic group with a specific sense of identity based on com mon language and culture. Bastar in madhya pradesh has highest number of schedule tribes with about 2. The tribals in kerala are not only geographically concentrated, but are overwhelmingly rural. Tribal development under decentralised governance in. Idukki comprises of the taluks of pirmad, udumbanchola, devikulam, and thodupuzha. The human development status of the tribes of karnataka is more than a decade behind the rest of the population of the state and thus they remain poorest and most deprived of all subpopulations in the state 11. Following list showing scheduled castes sc and scheduled tribes st in kerala must be referred one needed to fillup the castes of the candidate. According to the 2001 census, the total population of the palakkad district is 2,382,236. Tribals in kerala most of the tribal people of kerala live in the forests and mountains of western ghats, bordering karnataka and tamil nadu.